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Lehi ((:ˈleχi); (ヘブライ語:לח"י – לוחמי חרות ישראל) ''Lohamei Herut Israel – Lehi'', "Fighters for the Freedom of Israel – Lehi"), commonly referred to in English as the Stern Gang,〔"This group was known to its friends as LEHI and to its enemies as the Stern Gang." Blumberg, Arnold. History of Israel, Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 1998. p 106.〕〔"calling themselves Lohamei Herut Yisrael (LHI) or, less generously, the Stern Gang." Lozowick, Yaacov. Right to Exist : A Moral Defense of Israel's Wars. Westminster, MD, USA: Doubleday Publishing, 2003. p 78.〕〔"''It ended in a split with Stern leading his own group out of the Irgun. This was known pejoratively by the British as "the Stern Gang' – later as Lehi''" Shindler, Colin. Triumph of Military Zionism : Nationalism and the Origins of the Israeli Right. London, GBR: I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited, 2005. p 218.〕〔"''Known by their Hebrew acronym as LEHI they were more familiar, not to say notorious, to the rest of the world as the Stern Gang – a ferociously effective and murderous terrorist group fighting to end British rule in Palestine and establish a Jewish state.''" Cesarani, David. Major Faran's Hat: Murder, Scandal and Britain's War Against Jewish Terrorism, 1945–1948. London. Vintage Books. 2010. p 01.〕 was a Zionist paramilitary organization founded by Avraham ("Yair") Stern in Mandatory Palestine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/Stern-Gang )〕 Its avowed aim was to evict the British authorities from Palestine by resort to force, allowing unrestricted immigration of Jews and the formation of a Jewish state, a 'new totalitarian Hebrew republic'.〔Colin Shindler, ('Triumph of Military Zionism: Nationalism and the Origins of the Israeli Right,' ) I.B.Tauris, 2009 p.218:'Stern devotedly believed that 'the enemy of my enemy is my friend' so he approached Nazi Germany. With German armies at the gates of Palestine, he offered co-operation and an alliance with a new totalitarian Hebrew republic.'〕 It was initially called the National Military Organization in Israel,〔 upon being founded in August 1940, but was renamed Lehi one month later.〔Nachman Ben-Yehuda. ''The Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in Israel''. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: Wisconsin University Press, 1995. Pp. 322.〕 Lehi split from the Irgun militant group in 1940 in order to continue fighting the British during World War II. Lehi initially sought an alliance with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, offering to fight alongside them against the British in return for the transfer of all Jews from Nazi-occupied Europe to Palestine.〔 Believing that Nazi Germany was a lesser enemy of the Jews than Britain, Lehi twice attempted to form an alliance with the Nazis.〔 During World War II it declared that it would establish a Jewish state based upon "nationalist and totalitarian principles".〔〔Leslie Stein, ('The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israel,' ) Greenwood Publishing Group 2003 pp.237-238.〕 After Stern's death in 1942, the new leadership of Lehi began to move it towards support for Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union.〔 In 1944 Lehi officially declared its support for National Bolshevism.〔 It said that its National Bolshevism involved an amalgamation of left-wing and right-wing political elements – Stern said Lehi incorporated elements of both the left and the right〔 – however this change was unpopular and Lehi began to lose support as a result.〔Joseph Heller. ''The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics, and Terror, 1940–1949''. Pp. 8.〕 Lehi and the Irgun were jointly responsible for the massacre in Deir Yassin. Lehi assassinated Lord Moyne, British Minister Resident in the Middle East, and made many other attacks on the British in Palestine.〔Ami Pedahzur, ''The Israeli Response to Jewish Extremism and Violence: Defending Democracy'', Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York 2002 p.77〕 On 29 May 1948, the government of Israel, having inducted its activist members into the Israel Defense Forces, formally disbanded Lehi, though some of its members carried out one more terrorist act, the assassination of Folke Bernadotte some months later,〔Gabriel Ben-Dor and Ami Pedahzur,'Jewish Self-Defence and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of Israel: Roots and Traditions,' in Ami Pedahzur, Leonard Weinberg (eds.), (''Religious Fundamentalism and Political Extremism,'' ), Frank Cass, 2004 pp. 94–120, pp. 115–116:'one final terrorist act. . .'〕 an act condemned by Bernadotte's replacement as mediator, Ralph Bunche.〔(Ralph Bunche report on assassination of UN mediator ) 27 September 1948, "notorious terrorists long known as the Stern group"〕 Israel granted a general amnesty to Lehi members on 14 February 1949. In 1980, Israel instituted a military decoration in "award for activity in the struggle for the establishment of Israel," the Lehi ribbon.〔[http://www.mod.gov.il/pages/heritage/Awards.asp#lechi [The Stern Gang] LEHI – Fighters for the Freedom of Israel Ribbon] on the Israeli Ministry of Defence website〕 Former Lehi leader Yitzhak Shamir became Prime Minister of Israel in 1983. ==Founding of Lehi== Lehi was created in August 1940 by Stern argued that the time for Zionist diplomacy was over and that it was time for armed struggle against the British. Like other Zionists, he objected to the White Paper of 1939, which restricted both Jewish immigration and Jewish land purchases in Palestine. For Stern, 'no difference existed between Adolf Hitler" TITLE="Avraham Stern.〔 Stern had been a member of the Irgun (''Irgun Tsvai Leumi'' – "National Military Organization") high command. Zeev Jabotinsky, then the Irgun's supreme commander, had decided that diplomacy and working with Britain would best serve the Zionist cause. World War II was in progress, and Britain was fighting Nazi Germany. The Irgun suspended its underground military activities against the British for the duration of the war. Stern argued that the time for Zionist diplomacy was over and that it was time for armed struggle against the British. Like other Zionists, he objected to the White Paper of 1939, which restricted both Jewish immigration and Jewish land purchases in Palestine. For Stern, 'no difference existed between Adolf Hitler">Hitler and Neville Chamberlain 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lehi (group)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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